● TUretero-nephroscopy inzira shoma yekuvhiya, chinangwa chikuru chekurapa matombo eureter uye urethral strictures. Kana urinary calculus yemurwere yakakura kudarika 1.5 cm, zvinowanzokurudzirwa kuti murwere ashandise ureteroscopy nelaser lithotripsy kukurudzira metabolism yecalculus.
● Takazvipira kugadzira nekutsvaga nekusimudzira endoscope kubvira 1998, uye kufukidzwa kwechigadzirwa mumunda wemishonga muChina kwakakwira se70%, sevatengi vedu mhando yakanakisa, sevhisi yehunyanzvi uye kuendesa nekukurumidza.